Kitoblar

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714719

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

9th-10th centuries, Qur'anic verses 74-78 of the 22nd chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage), written in Kufi script close to the E style, on parchment during the 9th-10th cents. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 13 (w) x 22.3 (h) cm - The text is executed in Kufi script close to the E style typical of horizontal Qur'ans produced on parchment during the 9th-10th centuries (Déroche 1992, 116, cat. no. 62). - The text is executed in Kufi script in black ink at 17 lines per page. Diacritics are executed as red dots, while only one verse marker shaped like a gold flower inscribed in a square appears at the very end of Surat al-Hajj. Immediately after the square ayah marker on the 11th line of text, a gold painted horizontal panel serves to separate Surat al-Hajj from Surat al-Mu'minun. Interestingly, the title of Surat al-Mu'minum is not given; instead, the chapter begins immediately with the bismillah. - This calligraphic fragment includes verses 74-78 of the 22nd chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage), as well as the first eight verses of the 23rd chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Mu'minun (The Believers). The folio provides a continuation of immediately preceding verses included on a folio from the same Qur'an in the collections of the Library of Congress (AL-8). Surat al-Hajj advises the community of believers to serve God in order to seek His help and protection, while Surat al-Mu'minun describes faith, prayer, and chastity.

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714487

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

16th-17th centuries, Surahs from the Qur'an in the black Persian naskh script, headings are white thuluth script. - At the very bottom of the left folio appears the heading of the next chapter (54), i.e,. Surat al-Qamar (The Moon), followed by an initial bismillah. The heading is executed much like the heading of Surat al-Waqi'ah on the right side of the fragment, and specifies that it consists of 55 verses revealed in Mecca. However, unlike the heading on the left, this illuminated heading omits a subsequent decorative band of blue floral designs. The continuation of Surat al-Qamar appears on the fragment's verso (1-88-154.167 V, left). - On the left side of this folio appear the last verses (55-78) of the 55th chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Rahman (The Most Gracious). These immediately precede the beginning of the 56th chapter of the Qur'an, entitled al-Waqi'ah (The Inevitable), located on the right side of the fragment's recto (see 1-88-154.167 R). Surat al-Rahman is the 6th chapter of a series of surahs dealing with the Day of Judgment and the Hereafter. It is highly poetic and repeats the question "Then which of the favors of your God will you deny?" 31 times throughout its verses, thus giving the text an almost lyrical feeling. In the left margin appears the same gold and blue round juz' marker as found in the right margin of the same folio. Finally, the last verse (78) of the chapter includes the expression "Blessed be the name of your Lord" (tabaraka ismu rabbika) written in gold ink. It is not unusual to find the name of God (Allah) or his epithets and synonyms (Rabb) picked out in gold ink.

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714680

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

18th-19th centuries, Textual excerpts in Arabic and Persian on faith and poetic verses, written in 18th-19th centuries, in the Indian Tahriri script by the calligrapher Fayaz 'Ali Vasi'i. - As Nahali is a language spoken in Madhya Pradesh, the name of the patron suggests a north central Indian provenance for this calligraphy. The script -- a fluid tahriri found in 18th and 19th-century calligraphies from India -- also suggests an Indian provence. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 14.2 (w) x 23.5 (h) cm - In the lower right corner, the calligrapher Fayaz 'Ali Vasi'i states that he wrote (raqamahu) this fragment, and in the lower left corner he has dedicated (baraya khatir-i) his piece to a certain Mamki Nahali. He has written vertically in the top right margin that he wrote his piece on a Thursday (ruz-i panjshamba), although he does not specify the year. - The text is written in black tahriri script. Some orthographic marks and vowels are picked out in red ink, and all lines of text are separated visually by red strokes. The ends of certain sections or phrases also are marked by pyramids consisting of three red dots. The paper is thin and brown, and damaged at the bottom.

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714700

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

12th century, Qur'anic verse 21 of the 24th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-Nur (The Light), written in the Kufi (New Syle 1) script typical of Qur'ans of the 12th cent. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 5 (w) x 8.8 (h) cm - O you who believe, / Do not follow Satan's footsteps: / If any will follow his footsteps, / He will only command what is shameful and wrong. (24:21) - Surat al-Nur advocates proper behavior and the right to privacy. It also warns of sex offences, false slander, and the temptation of immorality: - The text is executed in Kufi (New Syle 1), a script most typically found in Qur'ans of the 12th century. These kinds of Qur'ans were produced in the vertical format with five lines of text per page (Déroche 1992: 170-171, no. 88). - The text is written in black ink with diacritical dots in black, some perhaps added at a later date. The vocalization is marked by red dots. Other orthoepics (marks of pronunciation), such as the duplication of a consonant (tashdid) and the silence marks (sukun), are written in green ink. Verse markers consist of yellow "ha'" or virgules slightly above the main text line. On the right side of the verso of this folio appear three verse markers, although only the ayah marker at the end of the last line should be included. The other two verse markers are superfluous. - This calligraphic fragment contains, on the left side, verse 21 of the 24th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-Nur (The Light). This verse is finished and continued with verse 22 on the fragment's verso (1-93-154.170 V). Finally, verse 22 comes to a close on the right side of this fragment. When folded, this bifolio's recto and verso provide the continuous text of verses 21 and 22 of Surat al-Nur.

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714717

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

9th century, Qur'anic verses 10-11 of the 48th chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Fath (Victory), written in the Kufi script in the D.I style, on parchment, during the 9th century. - Anyone who violates His [God's] oath, does so to the harm of his own soul, and anyone who fulfils what he has convenanted with God, God will soon grant him a reward. (48:10). - Dimensions of Written Surface: 22 (w) x 16.7 (h) cm - The text is executed in Kufi script in the D.I style typical of horizontal Qur'ans produced on parchment during the 9th century (Déroche 1992, 69, cat. no. 21). - The text is executed in Kufi script with black ink on parchment. The text on the fragment's recto is well preserved as it is executed on the hair side of the parchment. On the other hand, the text on the fragment's verso has worn off substantially due to its execution on the flesh side of the parchment. Diacritics appear as red dots, although some dots in yellow, green, and blue are included as well. A verse marker between verses 10 and 11 is placed in the upper left corner of the folio's recto. As it is a tenth-verse marker, it takes the shape of a gold-painted medallion with the word 'ashar (ten) inscribed in its center. - This calligraphic fragment includes verses 10-11 of the 48th chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Fath (Victory). This surah dates from the Medinan period and contains 29 verses. It describes how triumph comes from courage, faith, and patience if the believer stays true to God: - Script: Kufi

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714705

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

12th century, Qur'anic verses 105-114 of the 4th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-Nisa' (The Women), written in Kufi (New Style I), a script typical of the 12th century. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 22 (w) x 28.5 (h) cm - God does not forgive the sin of joining other gods with Him (polytheism), / But He forgives whom He pleases of other sins than this. / One who joins other gods with Him, however, / Has strayed far away from the right path. (4:116) - If anyone does evil or wrongs his own soul / But afterwards seeks God's forgiveness, / He will find God Forgiving and Merciful. (4:110) - Surat al-Nisa' addresses the social concerns of the Muslim community, in particular the rights of women and orphans, as well as the laws governing inheritance, marriage, and family rights. It also warns of deceit, polytheism, and the lure of evil, but stresses God's forgiveness: - The yellow "ha'" or virgule-shaped medallion in the left margin of the recto demarcates the end of five verses, in this case verse 105 (which also marks a new section in Surat al-Nisa'). The large verse marker in the center of the recto of the text consists of a decorative yellow circle with plain petals dotted on their outside borders. This medallion marks a tenth verse, located on the recto between verses 111 and 112. Another yellow "ha'" or virgule-shaped medallion in the right margin demarcates the end of five verses, in this case verse 115. The large verse marker in the center of the verso of the text consists of a decorative yellow circle with plain petals dotted on their outside borders. This medallion marks a tenth verse, located here between verses 121 and 122. - This calligraphic fragment includes verses 105-114 of the 4th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-Nisa' (The Women). The text continues with verses 114-124 on the fragment's verso.

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714489

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

14th century, Qur'anic verses, Arabic text is Tawqi' script and Persian translations are in Persian naskh. - And how will God guide those who reject faith / After they accepted it and bore witness / That the Messenger was true / And that clear signs had come to them? / God does not guide unjust people. - Between each horizontal line of Arabic text appear diagonal word-by-word translations into Persian. Unlike similar interlinear Qur'ans that tend to include a Persian translation in red ink (James 1992a: 56-7, cat. no. 10), this particular fragment makes no color differentiation between the Arabic original and its Persian rendition immediately below. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 16.5 (w) x 29 (h) cm - In the middle of the right margin appears a section (juz') marker made of a gold central flower, a blue concentric circle, and a circle of radiating gold lines. In the upper left margin appears a (juz') marker shaped like a hanging lamp. It contains a palmette motif outlined in dark brown ink on a gold ground. The verse markers in the text consist of gold flowers with red dots between each petal. All diacritical marks are executed in black ink except for the sukun (showing lack of a vowel), which sometimes appears as a small hollow red circle. - In this fragment, the script used for the Arabic text is tawqi' while the Persian translations are written in a Persian naskh. Tawqi' is similar to thuluth but smaller and with systematic assimilations between letters ordinarily not joined. For example, line four (verse 90) includes the word al-dalun ("those who have gone astray") with the alif and lam (a and l) attached by a playful upturned loop. - The verses on the verso continue those found on the fragment's recto. Verse 89, which also appears cut out and preserved on another calligraphic panel in the Library of Congress (1-88-154.34, lower horizontal) encourages seeking forgiveness from God: - This fragment follows the pattern set by Persian Qur'ans produced during the Ilkhanid period (see 1-84-154.27c R & V). It thus can be suggested that this Qur'an dates from the 14th century and was probably made in Iran. Unlike this fragment, later interlinear Persian Qur'ans tend to translate the Arabic text continuously (not word-by-word) in a horizontal (not diagonal) written space (see 1-85-154.67 R & V).

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714627

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

1212/1797-8, Qajar era Shi'i Gulzar calligraphic panel of prayers with illustrauions of the 12 Imams written in thuluth, naskh, nasta'liq, shikastah, tawqi', and Kufi scripts by the calligrapher Husayn Zarrin Qalam. - All around the larger letters composed in the nasta'liq style and filled with motifs appear smaller Shi'i prayers purposefully executed in a number of different scripts. These include thuluth, naskh, nasta'liq, shikastah, tawqi', and Kufi. One inscription is even written in reverse, as if executed with the help of a mirror. The sheer variety of these scripts, along with the larger central gulzar composition, was intended to showcase Husayn Zarrin Qalam's mastery of all the major calligraphic scripts. - Another gulzar panel by the same calligrapher (though misidentified) was published in Yasin Safadi's "Islamic Calligraphy" (Boulder, CO: Shambhala, 1979), p. 110, fig. 123. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 34.5 (w) x 21 (h) cm - This calligraphic panel executed in black and red on a white ground decorated in gold contains a number of prayers (du'as) directed to God, the Prophet Muhammad, and his son-in-law 'Ali. The letters of the larger words are executed in nasta'liq script and filled with various decorative motifs, animals, and human figures. The human figures standing side-by-side in the central horizontal letter represent the eleven Shi'i imams and (a kneeling) Imam 'Ali, holding his double-edged sword Dhu al-Fiqar. - This decorative style of script, filled with various motifs, is called gulzar, which literally means "rose garden" or "full of flowers" (Safwat 1996, 106, cat. no. 52). It is usually applied to the interior of inscriptions executed in nasta'liq such as this one. The gulzar script was popular in Iran during the late 18th and 19th centuries. This piece -- written (tahrir shud) by the callligrapher Husayn Zarrin Qalam ("Husayn of the Golden Pen") for Husayn Khan Sultan in 1212/1797-8 -- dates to the early period of Qajar rule in Iran (1785-1925).

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714694

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

1219/1804-5, Qajar era Marriage decree ('Aqd-namah), written in Iran in 1219/1804-5, in various scripts. - At the top appears an illuminated gold heading (sarloh or sar lawh) containing a number of prayers to God written in red ink on a gold background. On the right of the illuminated sarloh and in the right margin decorated by flower and leaf motifs painted in gold appears another invocation to God as the "Light of the Heavens and the Earth" (ayat al-nur, Qur'an 24:35). Between the illuminated prayers and the main text panel appear a number of seal impressions of the various marriage witnesses and the identification of the document as a marriage (nikah) certificate. - Dimensions of Written Surface: Recto: 30 (w) x 80 (h) cm. Dimensions of Written Surface: Verso: 20.1 (w) x 65.2 (h) cm - In the main text panel, various prayers to God are offered before introducing the bride and the groom, their various genealogies, their places of residence (Isfahan), and the marriage settlement provided by the groom (mahiryah). In this particular marriage contract, the groom offers his bride one hundred dinars, a bakery, and other shops he owns. These "collateral" gifts seem related to the sales contract (mubaya'at-namah) dated 28 Muharram 1228/ 31 January, 1813 on the backside of this marriage contract (see 1-90-154.189 V). - Persian marriage contracts ('aqd-namahs) produced during the 18th and 19th centuries in Persia (Iran) belong to a class of Islamic legally-binding documents such as deeds of endowments (vaqf-namahs) and powers of attorney (vakalat-namahs). A number of these survive in Iranian collections: for example, see Layla Diba, "Iranian Wedding Contracts of the 19th and 20th Centuries" (Tehran: Negarestan Museum, 1976). - The contract is written in ta'liq script tending towards shikastah. The text is unadorned, which is quite unlike the marriage contract . It appears that both documents are related to one another and provide detailed evidence of the various business and personal activities of a well-to-do merchant active in Isfahan during the first decade of the 19th century.

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714569

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

9th century, Qur'anic verses written in Kufi script during the 9th century. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 12 (w) x 8 (h) cm - God knows all the hidden things / Of the heavens and the earth. / Verily he has full knowledge / Of all that is in men's hearts. (35:38) - Surat al-Fatir deals with the mysteries and forces of Creation (al-khalq), as well as the angelic forces that maintain Creation. Paradise is promised for the believers, and Hell for the unbelievers. Hope is the promise of those who perform good deeds: - The script, layout, and red verse marker on this fragment resemble another fragment in the collections of the Library of Congress (1-84-154.20a R & V). - The text is executed in a Kufi script close to syle D.IV (Déroche 1992: 89, cat. no. 40), a writing style found on horizontal Qur'ans produced during the 9th century. It is written in brown ink at 13 lines per page. There are no vocalization or diacritical marks. The only verse marker consists of a red circle at verse 40 on the fragment's verso (1-84-154.20c V), which was added later to demarcate a tenth verse. - This calligraphic fragment includes verses 25-33 of the 35th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-Fatir (The Originator of Creation). The text continues with verses 33-40 on the folio's verso (1-84-154.20c V). These particular verses are found on another fragment of a Qur'an also executed in Kufi script in the collections of the Library of Congress (1-89-154.186 R & V). The verso of this calligraphic fragment includes verses 33-40 of al-Fatir (The Originator of Creation). The text continues verses 25-33 on the folio's recto (1-84-154.20c R). - Those who rehearse the Book of God, / Establish regular prayer, / And spend in charity, / Out of what We have provided for them, / Secretly and openly, / Hope for a commerce that will never fail. (35:29) - Script: Kufi

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714587

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

9th century, Qur'anic verses in a Kufi script close to style D.III and typical of Qur'ans produced during the 9th century. - Dimensions of Written Surface: Recto: 8.7 (w) x 5.3 (h) cm. Dimensions of Written Surface: Verso: 8.9 (w) x 5.4 (h) cm - Do not defame nor be sarcastic to each other, / Or call each other by offensive nicknames... / And those who do not desist are doing wrong. O you who believe, / Do not let some men among you laugh at others, / (Although) it may be that the latter are better than the former. / Also do not let some women laugh at others, / (Although) it may be that the latter are better than the former. (49:11) - Surat al-Hujurat is the third of a group of three Medinan surahs, beginning with chapter 47. It discusses conduct that must be observed by the Muslim community, such as mutual respect and allegiance to a rightful leader. The beginning of verse 11 on this fragment stresses proper behavior: - The text is executed in a Kufi script close to style D.III typical of Qur'ans produced during the 9th century. At five lines per page, the Qur'anic text is executed in brown ink and in a horizontal format. Red dots indicate vocalization, while a single green dot on both the recto and verso of this fragment demarcate a long medial alif (a). - This calligraphic fragment includes the beginning of verse 11 of the 49th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-Hujurat (The Chambers). This same verse continues on the folio's verso (1-84-154.20d R). - Script: Kufi

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714702

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

9-10th centuries, Qur'anic verses 43-44 of the 35th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-Fatir (The Originator of Creation), written in Kufi script is in syle D.Va, on parchment during the 9th-10th cents. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 15 (w) x 9 (h) cm - If God were to punish men according to what they deserve, / He would not leave on the back of the earth a single living creature. / But he gives them respite for a stated term. / When their term expires, verily God has in His sight all His servants. (35:45) - Surat al-Fatir deals with the mysteries and forces of Creation (al-khalq), as well as the angelic forces that maintain Creation. Paradise is promised for the believers, and Hell for the unbelievers since God shows His Mercy to all: - The recto of the text is executed on the flesh side of the parchment. As a result, the ink has worn off considerably. The verso of the text is executed on the hair side of the parchment. As a result, the ink has not worn off substantially. It is executed in black ink at 6 lines per page. Diacritics are marked by red dots, and no verse markers are visible. The Kufi script is in syle D.Va, a writing style found on horizontal Qur'ans produced during the 9th and 10th centuries. It is executed in black ink at 6 lines per page. Diacritics are marked by red dots, and no verse markers are visible. One green dot on the last line indicates the long "a" (alif) sound. Due to the script and the dimensions of the written surface, it appears that this folio was drawn from the same Qur'an as 1-94-154.174a R & V. - This calligraphic fragment includes verses 43-44 of the 35th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-Fatir (The Originator of Creation). The text proceeds with verses 44-45 on the fragment's verso (1-94-154.174b V). It also continues antecedent verses (37-40) as found on another folio from the same Qur'an in the collections of the Library of Congress (1-94-154.174a R & V). - Script: Kufi

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714468

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

1207/1792-3, Qajar Iranian Interlinear Qur'an, Arabic with Persian interpretation. - Although not as refined as some Persian interlinear Qur'ans made for Safavid rulers (Bayani et al 1999: 138-45, cat. no. 45), this fragment reveals the extent to which the practice of translation in Persian and other non-Arabic languages became an integral part of the program of Qur'anic production. For instance, many Qur'ans from Kashmir nearly contemporary to the fragment in the Library of Congress also bear Persian translations, although they tend to include marginal commentaries as well (Bayani et al 1999: 220-3, cat. no. 70 and 247-8, cat. no. 76; and Beit Al Qur'an 1996, 51). Qur'ans with Turkic language (eastern Turkish, Anatolian Turkish, etc.) interlinear translations also appear as early as the 15th century (see John Rylands Library, Manchester, Arabic ms. 25-38; and Staatsbibliotek, Berlin, Hs. Or. 6163) and continue to be produced today. - At the top, bottom, and center of the right margin of this fragment's verso appear four gold leaf-shaped cartouches bearing writing in red ink. These three cartouches read: "al-juz' al-sabi' min ajza' al-thalathin" (the seventh part of the thirtieth part). The Qur'an is divided into approximately thirty equal sections called ajza' in order to facilitate the location of particular parts and to help in the process of learning, memorizing, and reciting Qur'anic verses. There are other divisions of the Qur'an, e.g. parts (ahzab) of a juz', five- (khams) and ten-verse ('ashr) marks, as well as other less common subdivisions according to traditions present in different parts of the Islamic World (Beit Al Qur'an 1996, 44). This fragment includes the letter 'ayn in a leaf-drop cartouche in the upper right margin: this letter stands for 'ashr and marks the stop of a tenth verse (in this case, verse 94).

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714537

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

ca. 1500-1550, Eulogistic composition in Persian (insha') to a king written in the "hanging" ta'liq script by Persian calligrapher, Kamal al-Din Husayn (d. 974/1566-7). Arabic prayers (du'as) around the boarder. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 14 (w) x 24.5 (h) cm - He was a contemporary of Shah Mahmud al-Nishapuri, one of whose works is held in the collections of the Library of Congresss (1-87-154.155). - In the lower right corner of the central text panel appears the calligrapher's signature in black ink. It reads: mashaqahu al-faqir al-haqir ikhtiyar al-munshi, or "written by the poor, lowly, elderly secretary." Ikhtiyar al-Munshi ("the Elderly Secretary") was the nickname (laqab) of Kamal al-Din Husayn (d. 974/1566-7), a calligrapher active during the reign of the Safavid ruler, Shah Tahmasp (r. 1524-76). The monarch supported his work in Tabriz and offered him a number of rewards, which Kamal al-Din refused. He also made him his personal secretary and bestowed upon him the honorific epithet "the Elderly, Royal Secretary" (Ikhtiyar al-Munshi al-Sultani). Even though he was blind in one eye, he was a master of all calligraphic scripts, especially nasta'liq (Huart 1972, 232). Judging from this specimen -- as well as others in the Library of Congress (1-87-154.157) and the Sackler Gallery of Art (29.63 and 29.64) -- he also was a master of ta'liq and tarassul.

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714508

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

11th-12th centuries, Kufi script in brown ink on parchment, typical of Qur'ans produced in Iraq and Persia during the 11th and 12th. - Although substantially faded today, vocalization marks executed as red dots are visible both above and below the main text lines. Verse markers are rather indistinguishable, as they are very small and also executed in brown ink. They consist of three diagonal lines diminishing in size in order to create a triangular formation. The tenth verse marker separating verse 50 from 51, located on the fourth line from the bottom on this folio, stands out as it consists of a simple virgule inscribed in a plain circle. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 26.2 (w) x 35.9 (h) cm - The Kufi script executed in brown ink on this parchment fragment recalls Kufi "New Style I" typical of Qur'ans produced in Iraq and Persia during the 11th and 12th centuries (Déroche 1992, cat. no. 90), although by this time Qur'ans tend to be produced on paper rather than vellum or parchment. This kind of script is angular, and letters that should be connected by ligatures are oftentimes detached, thus making the text difficult to decipher. - The verso of this calligraphic fragment includes the last verses of the Surat al-Rum, as well as the first four verses of the subsequent chapter, Surat Luqman (31:1-4). Surat Luqman advises righteousness and wisdom. This surah states: - This calligraphic fragment includes some of the terminal verses (43-53) of the 30th chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Rum (The Romans). The last seven verses (53-60) of this chapter, as well as the first four verses of the next chapter (31:1-4), appear on the fragment's verso (see 1-85-154.101 V). This chapter deals with world power, as symbolized by the Persian and Roman empires, and the Day of Judgment. The surah advises here: - Those who establish regular prayer / And give regular charity / And have in their hearts the assurance of the Hereafter / These are on true guidance from their Lord / And these are the ones who will prosper. (31:4-5).

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714516

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

13th century, By 13th-century calligrapher Yaqut al-Musta'simi (d. 696/1296), active at the 'Abbasid court in Baghdad and in the Thuluth script. - Although the text is not signed and certain additions may have been made later, it is possible that this fragment was executed by Yaqut al-Musta'simi himself. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 25 (w) x 4 (h) cm - On the fragment's verso appears a note attributing the piece to the famous 13th-century calligrapher Yaqut al-Musta'simi (d. 696/1296). Active at the 'Abbasid court in Baghdad, he lived through the Mongol invasions (Qadi Ahmad 1959: 57-60). He wrote in the six cursive styles, which included thuluth (used here). - The line of text is executed in a large and crisp thuluth script in black ink. The words are fully vocalized, and the letter "sin" (s) has three dots below the text line to distinguish it from the letter "shin" (sh). The text is written on a beige piece of paper, framed by cloud bands, and placed on a cloud background. It is provided with several frames, including a horizontal band of blue leaf motifs. It is pasted to a larger sheet of light brown paper backed by cardboard. - This line of text reads: "Annahu la yastalim ila al-hajar al-aswad wa-al-rukn al-yamani" (He does not permit (it) except (at) the Black Stone and the Yemenite Corner). It appears that this text comprises a fragment of a pilgrimage guide or prescriptive text that states that, during ritual circumambulation (tawaf), touching or kissing the Ka'ba only is permitted at the Black Stone and the Yemenite Corner (the southeast corner). Certain prayers and supplications also are particular to those two corners of the Ka'ba. - Script: thuluth

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714718

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

9th-10th centuries, Qur'anic verses 55-74 of the 22nd chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage), written in Kufi script close to the E style, on parchment during the 9th-10th cents. - Diacritics are executed as red dots, while only two verse markers are included between verses 62-63 (recto) and 72-73 (verso). Each verse marker is shaped like a gold flower inscribed in a square. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 13 (w) x 22.3 (h) cm - That is because God merges night and day, and He merges day and night, and verily it is God Who hears and sees all things. (22:61). - The text is executed in Kufi script close to the E style typical of horizontal Qur'ans produced on parchment during the 9th-10th centuries (Déroche 1992, 116, cat. no. 62). - The text is executed in Kufi script in black ink at 17 lines per page. As the text on the recto is executed on the flesh side of the parchment, it has worn off substantially. On the other hand, the text on the folio's verso is well preserved since it was written on the hair side of the parchment. - This calligraphic fragment includes verses 55-74 of the 22nd chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage). Immediately subsequent verses (74-78) of the same surah, as well as the first eight verses of the 23rd chapter, from the same Qur'an are included in another fragment in the collections of the Library of Congress (AL-9). Surat al-Hajj advises the community of believers to serve God in order to seek His help and protection: - Script: Kufi

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714721

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

9th century, Qur'anic verses 14-27 of the 27th chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Naml (The Ants), written in Kufi script in the B.II style, on parchment during the 9th cent. - Based on its script, lines per page, and written surface dimensions, this fragment appears to belong to the same Qur'an from which another fragment in the collections of the Library of Congress has been extracted (AL-16). Both fragments (AL-11 and AL-16) may have been removed during the 1920's from a Qur'an, which was later for sale at Sotheby's on 13 April 2000 (Lot 1). - Dimensions of Written Surface: 21 (w) x 14 (h) cm ar - The text is executed in Kufi script in black ink at sixteen lines per page. The Kufi script is a version of style B.II found in Qur'ans produced on parchment during the 9th century (Déroche 1992, 54-55, cat. no. 9). Diacritics appear as red dots and only one verse marker appears on the folio's verso. Located on the third line and separating verses 20 and 21, this tenth-verse marker is in the shape of a gold flower outlined in red and black ink. - This calligraphic fragment includes verses 14-27 of the 27th chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Naml (The Ants). It is a Meccan surah, and these particular verses describe King Solomon's powers as well as his encounter with the Queen of Sheba. - Script: Kufi

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714545

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

15th century, Qur'anic verses writen in Thuluth (headings) and Masahif (verses) from Mamluk era Egypt, 14th-15th centuries. - At the top of the fragment appears the text, though not the chapter heading, of the 101st chapter entitled al-Qari'ah (The Calamity). This particular surah describes the Day of Judgment, when men's deeds will be weighed to determine whether they will dwell in an abode of pleasure (Heaven) or a blazing fire (Hell). Thereafter follows chapter 102, i.e. al-Takathur (The Piling Up), which warns of humans' inclination to gather worldly goods rather than to pursue the higher things in life. Chapter 103, al-'Asr (Time and Age), continues with a praise for those who are constant and patient in life. Finally, this fragment's recto includes at the bottom the chapter heading and initial bismillah of the 104th chapter entitled al-Humazah (The Slanderer), whose text appears on the fragment's verso (see 1-84-154.19 V). - Dimensions of Written Surface: 21.5 (w) x 29.4 (h) cm - The calligraphy used for the verses is masahif, a cursive script that is a smaller and less stiff version than muhaqqaq. Its name, which means "codices" or "volumes," reflects its common use for copying the Qur'an. Masahif and other bold cursive scripts such as naskh and muhaqqaq are typical of Qur'ans produced in Egypt during the 14th-15th centuries (James 1988: 16-21). - The chapter headings include the total number of verses and are calligraphed in gold thuluth script on a blue and red background. Verse markers consist of rosettes (shamsah) in gold with red centers, with twelve petals outlined in black and blue & red dots punctuating the perimeter. - The verso includes surahs 104 to 106, some of the shortest and final chapters of the Qur'an, continuing the text on the recto. At the top of this fragment appears the text of al-Humazah. This particular verse condemns insincerity, hypocrisy and backbiting. Thereafter follows chapter 105, al-Fil (The Elephant), which refers to events that took place during the year of the Prophet's birth. Finally, chapter 106, al-Quraysh (The Tribe of Quraysh), appears at the very bottom of the folio. This surah urges the worship of one single God.

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714695

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

13th-14th centuries, Qur'anic verses 78-80 of the 12th chapter of the Qur'an entitled Yusuf (Joseph), written in Muhaqqaq script suring the Ilkhanid period (1256-1353) in Iran. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 23.4 (w) x 34.6 (h) cm - Qur'ans executed in gold muhaqqaq script outlined in black at five lines per page and provided with radial verse markers similar to this fragment were produced during the Ilkhanid period (1256-1353) in Iran. For example, the Qur'an made for Sultan Oljeitu (r. 1304-16) bears similarities to the fragment in the Library of Congress (James 1988, 99). - Surat Yusuf narrates in detail the story of the Prophet Joseph and uses it as a parable for divine love. These particular verses (69-93) describe Joseph's conviction of his half-brothers and his request to bring Jacob and the whole family from Canaan to Egypt. - The text is written in muhaqqaq script and is fully vocalized. The letters are executed in gold and outlined in black ink. Only one verse marker appears on the first line: it is a gold disk decorated on its perimeter with blue and red designs. Parts of the text and frame in the middle of the left margin are lost. - This calligraphic fragment contains verses 78-80 of the 12th chapter of the Qur'an entitled Yusuf (Joseph). The text continues with verses 80-81 on the fragment's verso (1-90-154.190a V). Earlier verses (75-78) from the same surah appear on another fragment from the same Qur'an also in the Library of Congress (1-90-154.190b R & V). - Script: muhaqqaq