Kitoblar

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714723

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

9th century, Qur'anic verses 61-73 of the 10th chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat Yunus (Jonah), written in Kufi script related to the D.IV style, on parchment during the 9th cent. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 22 (w) x 15.2 (h) cm - The fragment seems to have been kept folded in two, as evidenced by the crease in the folio's center. Moreover, an inscription in the top left corner of the fragment's verso reads mutafariqa sishom ("sixth miscellaneous"), suggesting that an art dealer numbered the fragment and organized it according to his collection of "miscellaneous" Qur'anic fragments. - The text is executed in Kufi script in black ink at sixteen lines per page. The text on the folio's recto is well preserved, as it is executed on the hair side of the parchment. On the other hand, the text on the folio's verso has been lost due to having been written on the flesh side. Diacritics appear as red dots, and there are no verse markers except for a simple red circle located between verses 70 and 71 on the fragment's verso. This ayah marker, however, appears to have been added at a later date. - The text's Kufi script appears related to the D.IV style typical of horizontal Qur'ans produced on parchment during the 9th century (Déroche 1992, 89, cat. no. 40). - This calligraphic fragment includes verses 61-73 of the 10th chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat Yunus (Jonah). This Meccan surah describes in particular the stories of Jonah and Noah. - Script: Kufi

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714488

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

14th century, The main text is in Naskh script, also has thuluth script in recto section, Qur'an from Mamluk era Cairo. 14-15th centuries. - All or parts of these five verses appear on decorative carpet pages intended to begin the Qur'an or to separate various parts (sing. juz', pl. ajza') of the Holy Book. They remind the reader of the sacred character of the Qur'an, while providing an artistic, visual break from the text per se. For a similar use of these verses on a carpet page dividing a juz', see 1-87-154.151 R. - And that is indeed a mighty urging if you but knew, / That this is indeed a Glorious Qur'an / In a Well-Guarded Book, / Which none shall touch but those who are clean: / A revelation from the Lord of the Worlds. - In the top and bottom blue rectangular registers decorated with interlacing gold vine motifs appears the title of the surah in now oxidized white ink. This particular heading specifies that the Fatihah was revealed in Medina and includes seven verses, [29] words, and 120 letters. The number of words (29), which would have appeared in the lower right corner of the folio, unfortunately is now missing. The interest in counting the total number ayahs (verses), words, and letters in various chapters and throughout the Qur'an not only provides an indexical apparatus for the Holy Book, but also may serve various practices concerned with letter mysticism or the esoteric sciences of letters ('ilm al-huruf). - Recto: Dimensions of illumination: 14.4 (w) x 14.2 (h) cm. Verso: Dimensions of Written Surface: 5.7 (w) x 6.1 (h) cm. - Script: Verso: naskh

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714563

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

11th-12th centuries, Qur'anic verses from the 11th chapter of the Qur'an (The Prophet Hud) and the 12th chapter the surah of Yusuf (Joseph). Written Kufi script (New Style I). Typical of 10th to 13th Cent. Qur'an's. (Egypt or Syria?) - All that we relate to you about the stories of messengers, / With it we make firm your heart. / In them Truth comes to you, / As well as an exhortation / and a message of remembrance to those who believe (11:120) - And O my people! Give just measure and weight, / Do not withhold from people the things that they are due. / Commit no evil in the land with intent to do mischief. (11: 85) - At the center of the verso of the first fragment appears the chapter heading of Surat Yusuf, executed in gold ink and outlined in black, specifying that the chapter contains 111 verses (ayahs). On the heading's side, a lightly painted blue and gold finial jets out into the folio's right margin as a visual marker for the beginning of a new chapter. Unfortunately, part of the finial is lost due to a later cropping of the folio's margin. Surat Yusuf narrates in detail the story of Joseph (similar but not identical to Genesis 37-50), sold into slavery by his brothers and later present at the Egyptian court. The narrative takes on symbolic proportions since it transforms into a parable for the search of true and divine love. - Dimensions of Written Surface: Recto: (a) 8.8 (w) x 13.2 (h) cm, (b) 9 (w) x 13.4 (h) cm. Dimensions of Written Surface: Verso: (a) 8.5 (w) x 13.3 (h) cm, (b) 8.5 (w) x 13.1 (h) cm - In the margins appear a number of decorative shapes: first a gold virgule and, in the center of the folio, a gold and blue roundel marked in the center with a the letter "waw." In the lower right corner of the first fragment there appears a small rectangular panel that repairs a lost portion of the paper and text.

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714690

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

9th-10th centuries, Qur'anic verses 32-33 of the 35th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-Fatir (The Originator of Creation), written in the Kufi script is comparable to D. Va during the 9th and 10th cents. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 13.1 (w) x 8.3 (h) cm - Due to the script and the dimensions of the written surface, it appears that this folio was drawn from the same Qur'an as 1-94-154.174 R & V. - Gardens of Eternity they will enter. / Therein they will be adorned with bracelets of gold and pearls, / And their garments there will be made of silk. (35:33) - Surat al-Fatir deals with the mysteries and forces of Creation (al-khalq), as well as the angelic forces that maintain Creation. Paradise is promised for the believers, and Hell for the unbelievers. Those who have persevered in the path of righteousness are promised Paradise. - The text on the recto is executed on the flesh side of the parchment. As a result, the ink has worn off considerably. The verso text is executed on the hair side of the parchment. As a result, the ink has not worn off substantially The Kufi script is comparable to D. Va, a writing style found on horizontal Qur'ans produced during the 9th and 10th centuries. It is executed in black ink at 6 lines per page. Diacritics are marked by red dots and long "a" (alif) sounds by green dots. A yellow stain appears on the top line of the recto, and several marks in dark black have been added at a later date. On the verso a verse marker appears on line 5. It consists of a gold rosette whose interior is decorated with arabesques in light brown ink and whose perimeter is dotted by blue circles. A hole appears in the folio's center.

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714710

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

9th century, Qur'anic verses 49-66 of the 26th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-Shu'ara' (The Poets), written in the Kufi script is close to syle D.IV, during the 9th century. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 11 (w) x 7 (h) cm - Surat al-Shu'ara' initiates a series of chapters (26-29) that describe various communities and their reactions to prophets of the past. This surah in particular presents the stories of Moses, Abraham, and Noah and the perishing of their peoples due to disbelief. Moses' splitting of the Red Sea is described in one verse: - The script, layout, and red verse markers on this fragment resemble another fragment in the collections of the Library of Congress (1-84-154.20c R & V). - The text on the recto is executed on the flesh side of the parchment. As a result, the ink has worn off substantially. The Kufi script is close to syle D.IV (Déroche 1992: 89, cat. no. 40), a writing style found on horizontal Qur'ans produced during the 9th century. Red dots represent vocalization, and two red circles at verses 50 and 60 were added later to mark off groups of ten verses. - The verso of this calligraphic fragment includes verses 67-87 of al-Shu'ara' (The Poets). The text continues verses 49-66 on the folio's recto (1-84-154.20a R). In conclusion, referring to the drowning of Moses' people, the Qur'an states: - Then We told Moses by inspiration: / "Strike the sea with your rod." / So it divided, and each separate part / became like the huge, firm mass of a mountain. (26:63) - This calligraphic fragment includes verses 49-66 of the 26th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-Shu'ara' (The Poets). The text continues with verses 67-87 on the folio's verso (1-84-154.20a V).

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714475

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

15th century, Quranic Pages in Thuluth (headings) and Masahif (verses) scripts. - Recto: Dimensions of Written Surface: 21.4 (w) x 28.9 (h) cm. Verso: Dimensions of Written Surface: 21.5 (w) x 29.3 (h) cm. - The calligraphy used for the verses is masahif, a cursive script that is a smaller and less stiff version than muhaqqaq. Its name, which means "codices"or "volumes," reflects its common use for copying the Qur'an. Masahif and other bold cursive scripts such as naskh and muhaqqaq are typical of Qur'ans produced in Egypt during the 14th-15th centuries (James 1988: 16-21). - The last chapters of the Qur'an are brief and thus several can fit unto one page. For instance, surat al-Ikhlas (112) appears in the lowermost portion of the folio. The heading for this particular surah is executed in large thuluth with white ink, and states that it consists of four verses and was revealed in Mecca. As with the other two chapter headings above, the title appears on a bed of gold flower and vine interlacings on a red and blue background. The other two headings are written in gold and outlined in black. - The verso of this Qur'anic fragment includes some of the penultimate chapters of the Qur'an (110-112), i.e., al-Nasr (The Victory), al-Masad (The Plaited Rope), and al-Ikhlas (The Purity of Faith). It continues the preceding surahs on the fragment's recto (see 1-87-154.133 R). These surahs discuss victory as God-given, cruelty as self-damaging, and God as the single, everlasting being: "Say He is God, the One and Only, Allah the Eternal, Absolute, He does not beget nor is He begotten, and there is none like unto Him." (112:1-4). - These chapters' headings are calligraphed in thuluth script. The topmost surah heading for al-Ma'un is executed in white ink, rather than gold outlined in black, and states that it is Meccan and consists in seven verses. Like the other headings, it appears above gold flower and vine interlacings on a red and blue background. Verse markers consist of rosettes (shamsah) in gold with red centers, with twelve petals outlined in black and blue & red dots punctuating the perimeter. The text's rectangular gold and blue border is a bit faded (Selim 1979, 153).

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714543

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

20th century, A modern forgery of a 9-10th cent. Qur'an. Written in imitation Kufi script framed with an illuminated border possibly cut out from an older Persian manuscript. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 11 (w) x 7.8 (h) cm - These kinds of reproductions have appeared on the art market and seem to originate from one particular workshop engaged in imitating older Qur'ans and decorating them with illuminations salvaged from Persian manuscripts. - This piece constitutes a modern forgery of an early (9-10th century) Qur'an. Written in imitation Kufi script in black and red ink on a beige paper, the text panel is framed with an illuminated border possibly cut out from an older Persian manuscript. The text and illuminated border are pasted to a larger brown sheet of paper backed by cardboard. - Script: Kufi

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714527

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

14th-15th centuries, 29th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-'Ankabut (The Spider), from the Mamluk period, written in the Masahif script. - Dimensions of Written Surface: Recto: 10.5 (w) x 11.3 (h) cm. Dimensions of Written Surface: Verso: 13 (w) x 19.5 (h) cm - Executed in black masahif script, the text is surrounded by lightly outlined cloud bands. In the interstitial spaces appear vine leaves and palmettes on a background of parallel striations. Such motifs are typical of Mamluk Qur'ans produced in Egypt during the 14th and 15th centuries (see 1-88-154.8b R & V and 1-89-154.168 R & V). Verse markers consist of six-petalled gold rosettes with blue and red dots on the perimeters. - Recite what is sent of the Book by inspiration to you, / And establish regular prayer, / for prayer restrains from shameful] and unjust deeds; / and remembrance of God is the greatest thing without doubt. / And God knows what you do. - That is how We have revealed this Book to you, / And those to whom We have sent down the Book will believe in it. / Only those who disbelieve will deny it. - The verso of this folio contains verses 46 and 47 which continue verse 45 from the fragment's recto and initiates a new section (juz') in the Qur'an. In particular, verse 47 reads: - This fragment includes the 45th verse of the 29th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-'Ankabut (The Spider). This verse initiates a new and separate section of the surah, in which the Qur'an is discussed as a sign of revelation, a tool in teaching the distinction between right and wrong, and a vehicle in understanding the Hereafter. Verse 45 reads: - This particular Qur'anic fragment has placed the verses within a gold illuminated panel, in which the upper register includes a statement on red background that the text belongs to the third section (juz') of the Qur'an. The text in the lower panel is partially lost due to damage. The gold frame and marginal medallions with long finials provide an ornamental break in the Qur'an and thus serve as a visual reference point. - Script: masahif

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714689

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

ca. 1550-1600, Qur'anic verses (18-28) of the 72nd chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-Jinn (the Spirits), written in the Naskh script from Shiraz, Iran, Safavid era, 16th cent. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 13 (w) x 22.2 (h) cm - Keep in remembrance the name of your God / And devote yourself to Him wholeheartedly. / He is the Lord of the East and the West. / There is no God but He. / Take him therefore for your Disposer of Affairs (73:8-9) - Say: "I know not whether the (punishment) which you are promised is near, / Or whether my God will appoint for it a distant term. / He Alone knows the unseen, / Nor does He make anyone acquainted with His mysteries." (72: 25-26) - Surat al-Jinn dates from the late Meccan period and contains 28 verses. The last verses proclaim unity in God and belief in His Omnipotence: - Surat al-Muzzammil is one of the earliest surahs to have been revealed and comprises 20 ayahs (although the chapter heading on the fragment's recto states that it contains 19 verses). It praises prayer and humility and warms men who reject faith: - The margins of the text are decorated with gold painted vine, leaf, and flower motifs. In the upper left margin appears a flat gold and blue disk, ornamented by a central gold vegetal design, intended to mark the tenth verse (verse 20 of chapter 72). - The rectangular band at the bottom of the text frame is decorated in orange-red, blue, and gold panels, in which the title, provenance (Mecca), and number of ayahs (19) of Surat al-Muzzammil are written in thuluth with gold ink on a red ground. The last word of the previous chapter (adadan, or singly), as well as the terminal verse marker, also are inserted in the middle of the panel and outlined on a pale ground. Apparently, the scribe ran out of space to finish his text and saw himself forced to include the last word of the previous surah in the subsequent chapter heading. - The script, text layout, and illumination are all typical of Safavid Qur'ans produced during the second half of the 16th century in the southwestern Iranian city of Shiraz (see James 1992b: 150-157, cat. no. 39).

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714485

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

1206/1791, An "ijazah", or diploma of competency in Arabic calligraphy, was written by 'Ali Ra'if Efendi in 1206/1791. - Dimensions of Sheet: 28 (w) x 21 (h) cm - For further information on ijazah practices, see F. Déroche, "Maîtres et disciples: la transmision de la culture calligraphique dans le monde musulman," Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerranée 75-6 (1996): 81-90 and U. Derman, "Turk yazi san'atinda icazetnameler ve teklid yazilar," VII. Turk Tarih Kongresi (Ankara, 1973): 716-28. - In the two lowermost panels appear the signed approvals of two master calligraphers, Mustafa al-Halimi and Husayn Hamid (Selim 1979, 173), dated 1206/1791. Each section of writing appears on a separate piece of differently colored paper, illuminated with gold and dimpled with a stylus for reflection. - Secret charity quenches the wrath of the Lord. / The best of you is the best for his family. / The best of the followers is Uways. - The official function of the ijazah consists in giving a student the authority to sign his own calligraphic works with expressions such as katabahu (written by) and hararahu (composed by), thus allowing him to become independent and take on pupils of his own. In order to receive the diploma, the student had to transcribe or copy (taqlid) several lines of calligraphy that had to be approved by one or more co-signatory master calligraphers (Safwat 1996, 40). In some cases, the ijazah may include the calligrapher's chain of teachers (silsilah or sanad) reaching all the way back to the Prophet Muhammad himself (Gacek 1989: 44-55). In the Ottoman tradition especially, the calligraphic diploma (icazetname) was a well established practice linking, in an almost genealogical fashion, a student (talabah) to his teacher (hoca).

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714508

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

11th-12th centuries, Kufi script in brown ink on parchment, typical of Qur'ans produced in Iraq and Persia during the 11th and 12th. - Although substantially faded today, vocalization marks executed as red dots are visible both above and below the main text lines. Verse markers are rather indistinguishable, as they are very small and also executed in brown ink. They consist of three diagonal lines diminishing in size in order to create a triangular formation. The tenth verse marker separating verse 50 from 51, located on the fourth line from the bottom on this folio, stands out as it consists of a simple virgule inscribed in a plain circle. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 26.2 (w) x 35.9 (h) cm - The Kufi script executed in brown ink on this parchment fragment recalls Kufi "New Style I" typical of Qur'ans produced in Iraq and Persia during the 11th and 12th centuries (Déroche 1992, cat. no. 90), although by this time Qur'ans tend to be produced on paper rather than vellum or parchment. This kind of script is angular, and letters that should be connected by ligatures are oftentimes detached, thus making the text difficult to decipher. - The verso of this calligraphic fragment includes the last verses of the Surat al-Rum, as well as the first four verses of the subsequent chapter, Surat Luqman (31:1-4). Surat Luqman advises righteousness and wisdom. This surah states: - This calligraphic fragment includes some of the terminal verses (43-53) of the 30th chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Rum (The Romans). The last seven verses (53-60) of this chapter, as well as the first four verses of the next chapter (31:1-4), appear on the fragment's verso (see 1-85-154.101 V). This chapter deals with world power, as symbolized by the Persian and Roman empires, and the Day of Judgment. The surah advises here: - Those who establish regular prayer / And give regular charity / And have in their hearts the assurance of the Hereafter / These are on true guidance from their Lord / And these are the ones who will prosper. (31:4-5).

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714528

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

18th-19th centuries, Prayer (Du'a) for forgiveness in Arabic written in Naskh script by the 19th century Iranian calligrapher and Naskh-revivalist: Vassal-i Shirazi (d. 1262/1846). - Dimensions of Written Surface: 12.5 (w) x 20 (h) cm - For a comparative piece signed by Vassal-i Shirazi and dated 1258/1842 held in the collections of the Library of Congress, see 1-04-713.15.6. - The fragment is neither dated nor signed. However, text panels such as this one, providing various Arabic prayers in naskh script, were made by the famous naskh-revival Persian calligraphers Mirza Ahmad Nayrizi (d. 1152/1739) and Vassal-i Shirazi (d. 1262/1846) and their followers. For these reasons, it is possible that this calligraphic fragment was made in Iran in the 18th or 19th century. - The text is executed in black naskh script and is fully vocalized. Separate parts of the text are divided by gold roundels, a structure reminiscent of Qur'anic verses. Written on a beige sheet of paper, the text panel is framed by several borders and pasted to a larger brown sheet of paper backed by cardboard. - This calligraphic panel includes a number of prayers for increased faith (al-ziyadah fi al-iman), blessing (al-rizq), well-being (al-'afiyah), and good fortune (al-barakah) for its owner. It also petitions for forgiveness (al-maghfarah) both before and after death (al-mawt). Finally, it offers prayers for the Prophet Muhammad and his family and invokes God as the Most Merciful (arham al-rahimin). - Script: naskh

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714625

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

1134/1721-2, Dimensions of Written Surface: 20.4 (w) x 15.5 (h) cm - Shi'i calligraphic panels in Arabic written in Thuluth script by calligrapher Muhammad Ibrahim during the 18th century Iran and India. - In the left vertical border, the artist Muhammad Ibrahim has included his seal and has dated his composition 1134/1721-2. Both the right and left vertical borders are decorated with blue-and-white marble (ebru or abri) paper, while the whole composition is backed by a thick cardboard covered by pink paper. In the left margin appears the number 205, which suggests that this particular calligraphic fragment was but one of many such specimens formerly included in an album of calligraphies. - The square seal impression of the artist Muhammad Ibrahim appears in another calligraphic fragment held in the collections of the Library of Congress (1-86-154.130). The fragment includes a mirror image of the expression "'Ali is the Vice Regent of God" ('Ali wali Allah). Shi'i calligraphic panels such as these two works executed by Muhammad Ibrahim during the 18th century are found in Iran and India, and were either bound into albums or displayed on walls. - This calligraphic panel, or levha, reads: "Oh 'Ali, my spirit is sacrified for you" (Ya 'Ali, ruhi fadakah). The letters are arranged artistically to fill the calligraphic panel, making the reading of the phrase quite difficult. Diacritics (vocalization signs) also fill in the composition's empty spaces. Although meaning is secondary to form, this vocative phrase calling for loyalty to 'Ali underscores the Shi'i message of the panel. - Script: thuluth

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714684

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

16th century, Qur'anic verses 1-8 of the 98th chapter enitled al-Bayyinah (The Clear Proof), written in the Naskh and Thuluth scripts from 15th Cent. Mamluk era Egypt. - Anyone who has done an atom's weight of good will see it, / And anyone who has done an atom's weight of evil will see it. (99:7-8) - Dimensions of Written Surface: Recto: 11.7 (w) x 20.8 (h) cm. Dimensions of Written Surface: Verso: 11.9 (w) x 20.7 (h) cm - It appears that the manuscript underwent a program of renovation, as horizontal panels of calligraphy were cut out and pasted onto a single folio. The top few lines show portions of a now missing interstitial text. The main body of the text, executed in naskh script typical of Mamluk Qur'ans of the 15th century, may have been salvaged and provided with the later Safavid illuminated panels and frames. For these reasons, it appears that this Qur'anic fragment was completed in two separate phases. - Surat al-Bayyinah comprises eight verses and heralds God's message as clear and evident as the appearance of the Prophet Muhammad himself: - The chapter heading of Surat al-Zalzalah is written in white ink on a gold ground, and reads Zalzal instead of Zalzalah and specifies that it comprises nine verses revealed in Medina. This surah describes the reversal of natural phenomena that will take place on the Day of Judgment, when men have to face their deeds: - The chapter headings executed in thuluth script in white ink on a gold and blue ground decorated with flower vines, as well as the marginal ornaments, are typical of Qur'ans produced in Safavid Iran during the 16th century (James 1992: 164-169, cat. No. 41). The verse markers consist of gold disks decorated on their perimeters with blue dots. At every verse marker appears a recitation note in red ink indicating whether the reciter should continue or pause his recitation.

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714645

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

13th century, Qur'anic verses 34-40 of the 79th chapter of the Qur'an, entitled al-Nazi'at (Those Who Tear Out), written in Thuluth script during the 13th century. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 19 (h) x 12.6 (w) cm - Surat al-Nazi'at is a Meccan surah containing 46 verses, whose penultimate lines appear on this fragment. These verses are concerned primarily with eschatological themes such as Heaven and Hell, as well as the signs that herald the hour (al-sa'at) of God's Judgment. - The script (thuluth) executed in gold and outlined in black, the text layout (five lines/page), the verse markers, and the marginal medallions all bear resemblance to a Qur'an made in the Jazirah region (Upper Mesopotamia) during the 13th century now held in the Khalili Collection in London (James 1992a: 44-49, cat. no. 7). - This calligraphic fragment contains verses 34-40 of the 79th chapter of the Qur'an entitled al-Nazi'at (Those Who Tear Out). The text continues with the surah's last verses (42-46) and the chapter heading of the 80th chapter ('Abasah) on the fragment's verso (1-84-154.15d V). This fragment belongs to a series of three folios cut out from the same manuscript now in the Library of Congress: these provide a number of verses from chapters 78 and 79 of the Qur'an (see 1-84-154.15a R & V and 1-84.154.15b R & V). - This fragment is written in thuluth script with gold outlined in black ink. The text is fully vocalized in gold with sukuns (silence marks) in blue ink probably added at a later date. The verse (ayah) markers consist of eight-petalled gold rosettes. The marker between verses 36 and 37 visually stands out as its shape differs from the other verse markers. It is pear-like, outlined in blue ink, and contains a central tri-lobed motif executed in gold. All around the folio appear truncated inscriptions in black ink on a piece of paper that seems to have been utilized to strengthen this particular fragment. - Script: thuluth

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714486

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

15th century, Quranic page in the Muhaqqaq script in the "Baysunghur" style, made either in Herat or Samarqand ca. 1400 A.D. - [How will God guide those who reject faith] after they accepted it and bore witness that the Messenger was true? (3:86) - Dimensions of Written Surface: 20.7 (h) x 36.2 (w) cm - In its simplicity and grandeur, it recalls the famous "Baysunghur" Qur'an made either in Herat or Samarqand ca. 1400 A.D., which contained gigantic folios measuring 177 x 101 cm with writing only on their rectos (James 1992b: 18-23 and cat. no. 2). Although a fraction of the latter's size and with writing on its verso, this fragment achieves a dignity that harks back to the "Baysunghur" Qur'an. For this reason, these Qur'anic fragments may have been executed during the early 15th century, perhaps in Persia or Central Asia. - The ayah marker in the lower band consists of a gold roundel composed of concentric circles outlined in dark brown ink. Three words (min ba'd dhalika, "thereafter") were omitted from the original text and have been added in smaller script immediately above the main line of text. The text on each panel's verso can be seen through the paper. - The lower band warns of the punishment of men who launch a false charge of adultery against chaste women, unless they seek forgiveness from God: - These two fragments, pasted together onto a single sheet, certainly come from the same Qur'an --indeed the same portion of the book (ca. verses 86-89) of Surat Al 'Imran--executed in a fine muhaqqaq script. Theses verses survive on another fragment in the Library of Congress (1-89-154.172 R &V). Judging from the height (10 cm) of each panel containing a single line of text, the original manuscript must have been of a large size (perhaps ca. 50 cm in height at 5 lines of text/page). - This calligraphic fragment includes two separate horizontal panels cut out and pasted onto a cardboard backing. The upper band contains verse 86 of the 3rd chapter of the Qur'an entitled Al 'Imran (The Family of 'Imran) and the lower band includes verse 89 of the same chapter. The lower band does not contain Q 24:5 (as per Selim 1979, 170), although Q 24:5 does resemble closely Q 3:89. The upper band belongs to a surah that asks Muslims to hold together in harmony and friendship, and reads: - Unless they repent thereafter and mend [their conduct, for God is Forgiving and Merciful]. (3:89) - Script: Muhaqqaq

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714708

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

Qur'anic verse (14:7) Surat Ibrahim (Abraham), written in Thuluth, Persian Naskh, and Tawqi' scripts, Safavid or Ottoman era Marbled paper (ebru in Turkish, or Kaghaz-i abri in Persian) calligraphic tradition. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 20 (w) x 11.5 (h) cm - The blue and white marble paper is also typical of calligraphic panels produced in 18th century Iran and Turkey. Marbled paper (ebru in Turkish, or Kaghaz-i abri in Persian) appears to date as far back as the 16th century (Porter 1992, 53 and Porter 1988), although its use in calligraphic panels truly blooms during the 18th and 19th centuries. The particular marbling technique used in this panel is called "marbling of tide," which is created by combing the surface with an awl (Basar and Tiryaki 2000, 20). A salmon pink frame is pasted on top of the blue and white marble paper with the calligraphic exercises, and both papers are strengthened by being pasted to a thick cardboard. - The specimen is undated but signed in the lower left corner by Abu Muhammad Khan al-Ma'rashi. Not much is known about this calligrapher, except that he also executed a number of Qur'ans and calligraphic sheets in naskh and fine riq'ah scripts. One calligraphic exercise dated Safar 1165/Dec. 1751 and signed more fully "Abu Muhammad Khan b. Sayyad Ma'rashi al-Husayni al-Ma'rashi" survives in the collections of Istanbul University Library (Bayani 1358/1939, vol. 4 entry 37). Judging by the author's Persian name and the date of the piece in Istanbul, it seems most likely that he was active in Iran during the 18th century. - This fragmentary calligraphic panel includes a verse from the Qur'an (14:7) and praises to God executed in thuluth, Persian naskh, and tawqi' scripts (Selim 1979, 171). The Qur'anic verse is written in thuluth and taken from Surat Ibrahim (Abraham). It states "(And remember, your Lord caused to be declared): If you are grateful, I will add more favors to you, but if you show ingratitude, truly My punishment is terrible." The Qur'anic verse on the top line is followed by various praises of God and His favors to men written in the Persian naskh and tawqi' scripts.

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714465

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

c. 1250-1350 A.D., A further sense of antiquity appears in the gold surah heading in Kufi at the top of the left folio. It harks back to earlier decorative ornaments and illumination present in Qur'ans of the 'Abbasid period (Déroche 1992). The paper is cream-colored, and the ink on the verso shows through to the recto. An effaced gold and blue ayah marker appears in the right margin of the fourth line of text on the right folio. - Dimensions of Written Surface: 23.5 (w) x 13.7 (h) cm - On paleographic grounds, this Qur'an fragment appears to date from the Ilkhanid period (ca. 1250-1350). It may have been produced in the imperial center of Tabriz in northwestern Iran. The clear Arabic muhaqqaq and Persian thuluth scripts are typical of the period, as are certain variants in the Persian orthography (e.g. the dhal (dh) appears in lieu of the dal (d). It is quite unlike later Safavid interlinear Qur'ans, whose Persian translations appear in red nasta'liq script in horizontal registers (see 1-85-154.67 and Bayani 1999: 138-9, cat. no. 45). Both the lack of differentiation between the color of the scripts and the absence of a frame in this fragment suggests that it dates from the formative years of Ilkhanid production of bilingual Arabic-Persian Qur'ans. - The recto of this Qur'an fragment contains parts of the first three verses of the fourth chapter of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Nisa' (Chapter of the Women). At the top left side of the folio appears the chapter title and the total number of its verses (176) in bold gold Kufi letters. The title is contained in a gold-painted rectangular band ornamented with a gold medallion outlined in blue projecting into the left margin. Immediately below the surah heading appears the first half of the first verse in large black muhaqqaq script, with diagonal word-by-word translations into Persian between each horizontal line of text. The right side of the folio contains the second half of the third verse of the same chapter, which, when folded vertically in two at the center with verses 1-3 included on its verso (1-84-154.27c V), yields the first four continuous pages of text of Surat al-Nisa'.

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714707

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

19th century, Qajar era Shi'i talismanic piece in Arabic about the battle of Karbalah in 61/680, written in Nasta'liq script on velum with Shi'i iconography in the Qajar style. - At the top of the page appears a triple-bayed arcade in the center of which kneels Imam 'Ali, the Prophet Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, holding his double-edged sword Dhu al-Fiqar. At his side sit his young sons Hasan and Husayn. Above all three figures appear four cherubim throwing rays of light that transform into golden aureoles above their green turbans. In the upper right and left bays stands the figure of 'Abbas, the brother of Imam Husayn, who was martyred at the battle of Karbalah in 61/680. He is represented (in duplicate) as a standing old man with a white beard and white turban, who hides his hacked right arm in his left sleeve. As one of the important protagonists of the ahl al-bayt (household of the Prophet Muhammad) and revered martyrs of Karbalah, 'Abbas frequently is represented alongside 'Ali, Hasan, and Husayn in the arts of the Qajar period (see Fontana 1994 [cited below]: 51-52 and fig. 52). - Dimensions of Written Surface: 65 (w) x 70 (h) cm - For a further discussion of Shi'i iconography in the arts of the Qajar period, see: Maria Vittoria Fontana, "L'Iconografia dell'Ahl al-Bayt: Immagini di Arte Persiana dal XII al XX Secolo, Supplemento n. 78 agli Annali", vol. 5/1 (Naples: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1994), pp. 47-55 and figs. 51-61. - The piece is left unfinished, as evidenced by the empty double-bayed arcade at the bottom of the page, as well as a number of empty panels originally intended to hold inscriptions. A number of Qur'anic excerpts, such as Surat al-Kawthar (Qur'an 108), are included in panels shaped like diamonds, rectangles, and circles. Other prayers are included as well; these find refuge in God from Satan and proclaim the bismillah, alternatively written in red, gold, and blue ink. A number of roundels also contain the names of God, 'Ali, and Muhammad. - This large-scale illuminated calligraphic piece in square format appears to have been executed in Iran during the 19th century. It includes a number of details typical of Shi'i popular and devotional materials produced during the later part of the Qajar period (1785-1925). In all likelihood, it functioned as a talismanic object for an Iranian Shi'i patron. - Script: nasta'liq

Nomi:

Muallifi:

Turi:

Qo'lyozma

Davlati:

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari

Inventor raqami:

2019714482

Hujjat yuklab olingan manba:

Library of Congress

Saqlanish joyi:

Library of Congress African and Middle Eastern Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Annotatsiya:

14th-15th centuries, In the Thuluth script, typical of the Mamluk period (14th-15th centuries). - As noted in the red rectangular registers located at the top and bottom of this inscribed panel, this folio introduces the 26th part (juz') of the Qur'an (Selim 1979, 161). The central space includes an inscription containing verses 77-79 of Chapter 56 entitled Surat al-Waqi'ah (The Inevitable). These verses typically open the Qur'an as included on a double page illuminated frontispiece (see 1-88-154.8a and 1-89-154.168 R), although they may appear in decorated pages used to separate the parts (ajza') of the Qur'an. The verses here read: - Dimensions of Written Surface: Recto: 11.2 (w) x 16.8 (h) cm. Dimensions of Written Surface: Verso: 14 (w) x 21 (h) cm. - Other extractive calligraphic techniques include procedures of paper cutting or découpage (Safwat 1996, 194), in which letter forms are cut out from a colored paper and pasted onto a differently-colored ground (see 1-87-154.152). In both procedures, the basic principle consists in letting the background paper create the internal structure of the letters themselves. This demanding and precise work shows the various ways in which calligraphers could show their mastery of calligraphy through extractive, rather than additive, methods. - That this is indeed a Glorious Qur'an / In a Well-Guarded Book, / Which none shall touch but those who are clean. - The fragment's verso (see 1-87-154.151 V) includes verses 1-3 of Chapter 46 of the Qur'an entitled Surat al-Ahqaf (The Winding Sand Tracts). The script of these pages is thuluth, a cursive script typical of the Mamluk period (14th-15th centuries) in Egypt. The background of spiral scrollwork used on this decorative page is also characteristic of Qur'ans of this period (Lings and Safadi 1976: 52-33, no. 73).